Grace T. Cruz
Selected publications
Malhotra, R., Xu, H., Li, H., Yijing, M. G., Magno, L. M., Chen, H., Anantanasuwong, D., Hashimoto, H., Zimmer, Z., Awang, H., Zhao, Y., Lou, V. W., Xu, W., Lee, Y., Yan, L. L., Cruz, G. T., & Wu, C. (2026). Community-based health-focused longitudinal aging studies in East and Southeast Asia: Landscape and future directions. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 101867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2026.101867
Kraft, A. D., Calicdan, K. G. R., Capuno, J. J., Paguirigan, M. R. B., Cruz, C. J. P., & O’Donnell, O. (2026). Inequality in prevalence of unmedicated hypertension or diabetes among older Filipinos: Analysis of nationally representative survey data. International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention, 200617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200617
Afable, S. D., Saito, Y., Kanda, M., Yun, S., Kimura, H., David, A. J., Okayasu, H., & Cruz, G. T. (2026). Drivers of health inequalities across education level among older Filipinos: A decomposition analysis using nationwide survey data. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26364-x
Xu, J., Li, H., Cruz, G.T., Saito, Y., & Wu, C. (2025). Exploring social determinants of disability among older Filipinos: Insights from a polysocial score approach. Global Health Research Policy, 10, 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-025-00453-7
Domingo, D. G. C., Chen, T.-Y., Cruz, G., Mgabhi, P. S., Lim, K. L., Mandiwa, C., & Saito, Y. (2025). Food insecurity and sleep deficiency among older Filipinos: The mediating roles of depressive symptoms and frailty phenotypes. Journal of Global Health, 15. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04235
Mandiwa, C., Chen, T.-Y., Cruz, G. T., Vu, N. C., Hsu, K.-W., & Saito, Y. (2025). The associations of sleep deficiency and frailty with multimorbidity among community-dwelling older adults in the Philippines and Viet Nam. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2025.2519223
Tomkinson, G. R., Lang, J. J., Rubín, L., McGrath, R., Gower, B., Boyle, T., Klug, M. G., Mayhew, A. J., Blake, H. T., Ortega, F. B., Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Magnussen, C. G., Fraser, B. J., Kidokoro, T., Liu, Y., Christensen, K., Leong, D. P., Aadahl, M., Abdin, E., … Yu, R. (2024). International norms for adult handgrip strength: A systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 101014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101014
Cruz, G. T., & Chico, Q. R. E. (2024). Maternal health. In E. P. Laguna, M. M. M. Kabamalan, & M. P. N. Marquez (Eds.), The Filipino Adolescents and Youth: Context, Continuity, and Change (p. 257-282). University of the Philippines Press.
Kraft, A. D., Capuno, J. J., Calicdan, K. G. R., Cruz, G. T., & O’Donnell, O. (2024). Missed opportunities for hypertension screening of older people in the Philippines: Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative individual-level data. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101188
Cruz, G. T., Cruz, C. J. P., & Saito, Y. (Eds.). (2024). Ageing and health in the Philippines Wave 2. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T. (2024). The shifting demographics of the Philippines: Towards an ageing society. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines wave 2 (pp. 1–13). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, C. J. P., Cruz, G. T., & Saito, Y. (2024). The Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in the Philippines Wave 2. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines wave 2 (pp. 15–22). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T., & Paguirigan, M. R. B. (2024). Health, healthcare, and healthcare utilization. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines wave 2 (pp. 49–89). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T., Cruz, C. J. P., & Saito, Y. (2024). Discussion, conclusions, and recommendations. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines wave 2 (pp. 141–145). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Mgabhi, P. S., Chen, T.-Y., Cruz, G., Vu, N. C., & Saito, Y. (2024). Falls among community-dwelling older adults in the Philippines and Viet Nam: Results from nationally representative samples. Injury, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2024.111336
Cruz, G. T., & Laguna, E. P. (2023). Confronting Asia’s challenging demographic realities. Productivity Insights, 4–5. https://doi.org/10.61145/HNZB1487
Afable, S. B., Cruz, G., & Saito, Y. (2023). Sex differences in the psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) Scale in older Filipinos. PloS one, 18(6), e0286508. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286508
Abalos, J., Saito, Y., Ramos, M. A., & Cruz, G. T. (2023). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among older adults in the Philippines. The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glad155
Chen, T.-Y., Cruz, G., & Saito, Y. (2022). Frailty and depressive symptoms mediate the impacts of food insecurity on sleep deficiency among older Filipinos. Innovation in Aging, 6(Suppl. 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3130
Abalos, J., Paguirigan, M. R. B., Saito, Y., & Cruz, G. T. (2022). Willingness to live in a home for the aged among older Filipinos in the Philippines. In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_155-1
Cruz, G., Cruz, C. J., & Saito, Y. (2022). Is there compression or expansion of morbidity in the Philippines? Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 22(7), 511–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14398
Takagi, E., Cruz, G., & Saito, Y. (2022). Older adults’ loneliness and social relationships in the Philippines: Differences between rural and urban contexts. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 34(6–7), 662–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395221106861
Afable, S. B., Cruz, G., Saito, Y., & Malhotra, R. (2022). Normative values of hand grip strength of older Filipinos aged 60 to 85 years. Aging and Health Research, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100108
Kim, J. Y., Xu, H., Cruz, G., Saito, Y., & Østbye, T. (2020). Acceptance of love and remarriage among older adults in the Philippines. Journal of Aging and Health, 33(5-6), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264320981246
Vu, N. C., Tran, M. T., Dang, L. T., & Cruz, G. T. (2020). The 2018 Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in Viet Nam. In N.C. Vu, M.T. Tran, L.T. Dang, C.L. Chei, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in Viet Nam (pp. 9–22). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Abalos. J., Weber, D., Booth, W., Goujon, A., Steiber, N., & Cruz, G. T. (2020). Is children’s education associated with parental health? Evidence from the Philippines. (IIASA Working Paper). https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/16830
Cruz, G. T., Cruz, C. J. P., & Saito, Y. (Eds.). (2019). Ageing and health in the Philippines. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T. (2019). Introduction. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 1–12). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T., Saito, Y., Cruz, C. J. P., & Paguirigan, M. R. B. (2019). The 2018 Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in the Philippines. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 13–26). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, C. J. P., & Cruz, G. T. (2019). Filipino older persons. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 27–46). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T., & Saito, Y. (2019). Functional health. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 75–88). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T., & Cabaraban, M. K. S. I. (2019). Generativity, attitudes, and beliefs. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 117–128). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cabaraban, M. K. S. I., Paguirigan, M. R. B., & Cruz, G. T. (2019). Children of older persons. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 193–214). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Cruz, G. T., Natividad, J. N., & Saito, Y. (2019). Discussion, conclusions, and recommendations. In G. T. Cruz, C. J. P. Cruz, & Y. Saito (Eds.), Ageing and health in the Philippines (pp. 215–226). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Abalos, J. B., Saito, Y., Cruz, G. T., & Booth, H. (2018). Who cares? Provision of care and assistance among older persons in the Philippines. Journal of Aging and Health, 30(10), 1536–1555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264318799219
Cruz, C. J. P., Salas, J.M.I., & Cruz, G. T. (2018). Fertility preferences in the Philippines. In S. Basten, J. Casterline, & M. Choe (Eds.), Family Demography in Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Fertility Preferences. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Parcon, C. P., & Cruz, G. T. (2016). “To smoke or not to smoke”: Influences of cigarette smoking among young people in Western Visayas. (Further Studies of the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality (YAFS) Study Working Paper Series 2016-9). Commission on Population.
Estanda, M. M., & Cruz, G. T. (2016). Suicide attempts, self-esteem, level of happiness, and life satisfaction among youth from Davao Region. (Further Studies of the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality (YAFS) Study Working Paper Series 2016-14). Commission on Population.
Yubia, M. C, Marquez, M. P. N., & Cruz, G. T. (2016). Maternal health-seeking behaviors of teen and young adult mothers in Caraga. (Further Studies of the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality (YAFS) Study Working Paper Series 2016-16). Commission on Population.
Cruz, G. T., Natividad, J. N., Gonzales, M. L., & Saito, Y. (2016). Aging in the Philippines: Findings from the 2007 Philippine Study on Aging. Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population Institute.
Ignacio, J. A. F., Cruz, G. T., Nardi, F., & Henry, S. (2015). Assessing the effectiveness of a social vulnerability index in predicting heterogeneity in the impacts of natural hazards: Case study of the Tropical Storm Washi flood in the Philippines. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 91–129.
Cruz, G. T., Gonzales, M. L., Marquez, M. P. N., Natividad, J. N., & Saito, Y. (2014). Gender and economic well-being among older Filipinos. In T. W. Devasahayam (Eds.), Gender and ageing: Southeast Asian perspectives. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).
Natividad, J. N., Saito, Y., & Cruz, G. T. (2014). Work, retirement, and the gender divide in the Philippines. In T.W. Devasahayam (Eds.), Gender and ageing: Southeast Asian perspectives. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).
Cruz, G. T., & Camhol, A. N. (2014). Family and state roles in promoting the well-being of older Filipinos. In Aging in Asia-Pacific: Balancing the state and the family (pp. 3–26). Philippine Social Science Council.
Marquez, M. P. N., Cruz, G. T., & Bequillo, R. A. (2014). Prevalence and patterns of nonconsensual sexual initiation among Filipino youth. Philippine Population Review, 13(1), 37–58.
Cruz, G. T., Kabamalan, M. M. M, Marquez, M. P. N, & Trinidad, A. C. (2013). Baseline study on access to information and services on family planning among women in urban poor areas in Manila: Knowledge, attitude, and practice. Demographic Research and Development Foundation.
Cruz, G. T. (2012). Estimating functional disability among older Filipinos: Evidence from the 2007 Philippine Longitudinal Study on Aging. Philippine Population Review, 11(2), 26–40.
Cruz, G. T., Cruz, C. J. P., Gonzales, M. L., & Berja, C. L. (2012). Parental involvement in adolescent health and development. Commission on Population and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation.
Cruz, G. T. (2009). Alcohol use and abuse among Filipino youth. In Life events of Filipino youth. Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population Institute.
Cruz, G. T., Abalos, J. B., Gonzales, M. L., Natividad, J. N., & Saito, Y. (2009). Changing social structures and the well-being of the older Filipinos. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology (Philippines), 31(2), 197–222.
Cruz, G. T., & Gonzales, M. L. (2009). The Philippines. In E. Palmore, F. Whittington, & S. Kunkel (Eds.), International handbook on aging. Praeger Publishers.
Cruz, G. T., & Laguna, E. (2009). Overseas labor migration and well-being of older Filipinos. In A. Ananta & E. Erifin (Eds.), Financing issues for an aging society in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).
Cruz, G. T. (2009). Sex and sexuality. In G. Leung (Eds.), 2009 yearbook on the Filipino youth: The y factor. Salesian Mission, Inc.
Cruz, G. T. (2007). Active life expectancy of Filipino older people. Philippine Population Review, 6 (1), 87–101.
Cruz, G. T., Saito, Y., & Natividad, J. N. (2007). Active life expectancy and functional health status among Filipino older people. Canadian Studies in Population, 34(1), 29–47.
Abejo, S., Go, B., Cruz, G. T., & Marquez, M. P. N. (2006). Contraceptive use, discontinuation and switching behavior in the Philippines: Results from the 2003 National Demographic and Health Survey. Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population Institute.
Ofstedal, M. B., Zimmer, Z., Cruz, G. T., Chan, A., & Chuang, Y. L. (2004). Self-assessed health expectancy among older adults. Hallym International Journal of Aging, 6(2), 95–117.
Raymundo, C. M., & Cruz, G. T. (Eds.) (2004). Youth sex and risk behaviors in the Philippines. Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population Institute.
Cruz, G. T., & Berja, C. L. (2004). Non-sexual risk behaviors. In C. M. Raymundo & G. T. Cruz (Eds.), Youth sex and risk behaviors in the Philippines. Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population Institute.
Cruz, G. T., & Abellera, C. (2004). The young Filipino Muslims. In C. M. Raymundo & G. T. Cruz (Eds.), Youth sex and risk behaviors in the Philippines. Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population Institute.
Raymundo, C. M., & Cruz, G. T. (2002). Dangerous connections: Substance abuse and sex among adolescents. Philippine Population Review, 2(1).
Cruz, G. T., Laguna, E. P., & Raymundo, C. M. (2002). Family influences on the lifestyle of Filipino adolescents. Philippine Population Review, 1(1).
Raymundo, C. M., Zablan, Z. C., Cabigon, J., Cruz, G. T., & Berja, C. L. (2002). Unsafe abortion in the Philippines: A threat to public health. University of the Philippines Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development.
Cruz, G. T., Laguna, E. P., & Raymundo, C. M. (2001). Family influences on the lifestyle of the Filipino youth. East-West Working Papers, 108(8).
Cruz, G. T. (1999). Economic well-being of the Filipino elderly. Philippine Social Science Review, 56(1-4).
Cruz, G. T., & Berja, C. L. (1999). Reproductive health. In C. M. Raymundo, P. Xenos, & L. J. Domingo (Eds.), Adolescent sexuality in the Philippines. University of the Philippines Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development.
Balk, D., Domingo, L. J., Cruz, G. T., & Brown, T. (1999). HIV/AIDS In C. M. Raymundo, P. Xenos, & L. J. Domingo (Eds.), Adolescent sexuality in the Philippines. University of the Philippines Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development.
Balk, D., Brown, T., & Cruz, G. T. (1998). AIDS-related risk, knowledge, and prevention behavior among young men in the Philippines. East-West Working Papers, 100.
Natividad, J. N., & Cruz, G. T. (1997). Patterns of living arrangements and familial support for the elderly in the Philippines. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 12(4), 17–34.
Cruz, G. T., & Berja. C. L. (1997). Youth health-seeking behavior: patterns and determinants in the Philippines. Philippine Social Science Review, 54(1–4).
Raymundo, C. M., & Cruz, G. T. (1993). Client-worker interaction as an ingredient of quality care. Philippine Population Journal, 9(1–4).
Raymundo, C. M., Perez, A. E., Cruz, G. T., & Natividad, J. N. (1988). Population, mobility, and development issues: Philippines. Demographic Research and Development Foundation.
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